Roof and floor construction.



I. LOEWENSTEIN..

ROOF AND FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I9. 1914.

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THE coLuMBlA PLANOGRAPH CO., WASHINGTON. D. C.

l. LOEWENSTEIN.

,ROOF AND FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION, FILED DEC.19, 1914.

Patented May 9, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 w Q zy CTY YUNITED STATES PATENT GFFIGE.

JACOB LOEWENSTEIN, 05E' NEW YORK, iN. Y.

ROOF AND FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

Spec'iicalton of Letters Patent.

Patented May 9, 15916.

Application mea December 1s, i914. semina. 872;;085.

erably wholly or substantially monolithic in character, and the object of my invention is v'to produce an improved floor of Such inaterial with which is combined a `support eof l metal, and in some instances the use of hollow tile interspersed between the metallic supports. In the improved Yconstruction according to my invention, however, stead of employing rmetall-ic yreinox-cements as tension members embedded .in the rconcrete, I use metafllic lmeinfloers solely to support 1the concrete and loads upon the same; the ends 'oit such metallic members lbeing permanently connected to aneta'l-lic beams Ior girders and the spaces between the same being either arched over by the aid ofsuitable Vforms upon which the 'concrete 'may be poured, or are filled with hollow tile I'serving as arched supporting means upon which such concrete Scan be pou-red. These and other features `of my invention are more fully described hereinafter, reference lbeifng had fto the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l, is a longitudinal section through -a `floor made in Iaccordance with fmy invention.; showing an Vedge or lSide View of Vone ofthe metallic supports; Fig. 2, is-a similar View, the section being taken through a ,porftion of `Athe slab intermediate the metallic supports; Fig. 3, is a sectional view on the i line f3-'3, Fig. l; Fig. 4, lis 4a sectional view on the lline 4 4, Fig. l; Fig. 5, is a sectional view similar to Fig. l, lof a modified 1construction ywithin the scope of my invention; Fig. 6, is a `sectional View similar vtto Fig. 2, of the 'con-struction shown *Fig v5; Fig. 7 is 'a Ycross sectional View on ithe Vline 7-7, Fig. 5; Fig. 8, is a sectional view yon the line 8;8, F ig. l5, and Fig. 9, is a View illustrating a 'diagrammatic lioor plan of a building constructed in accordance with my invention.

vIn constructing :a floor in xaccordance with my invention, the columns of a building are connected by metal beams or :girdersfof suitable size one direction only; `the size of said gi-rders being anything desired since they will be built into one of the walls in most instances, ywhere their depth will vnot be objectionable. The improved floo'r iwhich I have designed is intended to be Alaid ltra-nsversely of these beams, vand the metallic supports vcarried thereby take the place of the steel `j'oists. Attire same time rthe metallic supports are placed closeenough together to Vproperly lcarry the loads, to act as part of the forms upon which *the concrete can be poured, land further =to :act as va support for wire lath upon which Vtheceiling mayl'be rsecured. Between :the metallic supporting elements spaces willi 'be provided 'by the use of centering Ameans Yor hol-'low tiles tfor the passage `'of pipes, wires and Aother necessary features of modern 'building construction.

:In the drawings, l, l, yrepresent metallic elements supported by columns 2, which jelements l may `'be in fthe ffonm fof I-1beai'ns, box girders -or the like, and are preferably arranged longitudinally fof a building. To Ythese beams or girders, transversely of ethe line of the same, I secure metallic members 3 which are simply metal 'fla-ts, approximately five-siyxteentbs of an inch in `thickness, any proper thickness proportionate to Athe other 4factors entering into the construction of such floor, and 'they may range `from ythree `to live inches in width, yor any other V:desired vlwidth necessary vfor the 4conditions of a particular floor Ior `roof. These Hats are bolted for secured Vby other perinanent means as indicated at 4 to the beams or girders 1, and they :lie --iin -a natural curve -or 'catenary fbetween said beanis; the lowest point lof which curve `or catena'ry is well within the `depth of the .ffinished .portion of the Hoor. Disposed between 'these severa-l .i'lats I3 and 'in such contact therewith as to prevent displacement thereof and also to insure non-leakage tof 'concrete poured upon the "flats are a series iof forms 5. The concrete 6, poured into .fthe spaces above ythe itl-ats kfnifts with the concrete ldirect-'ly adjacent thereto over the forms; fthe Wihole Vlforining 1a solid, homogeneous rmass Vwhen final setting twkes place and ,producing va lfioor slab that is wholly monolithic in character.

The fforms npon which tthe zconcrete is placed may be fof lany kind or lcharacter suitable for such work. They may (be inade of pressed up sheet metal of the desired shape and height, or they 4may be .inade yof paper, plaster board, magnesia sheets, 4 as-V bestos or the like. The expense of such forms is so slight that they can be left within the body of concrete without mate rially enhancing the total expense of constructing a floor of this type especially as no additional centering is required to support the concrete while the same is being poured.

In filling in the mass of concrete over the flats, no concrete is permitted to pass below said flats, and hence at the high ends of said flats adjacent the beams or girders air spaces 7 will be formed which may commu nicate with the spaces 8 provided by the hollow arched forms between the iats by aperturing said forms at 9; thereby providing plenty of room adjacent the beams, and longitudinally alined therewith in addition to the room afforded transversely which is provided by the inner space of said forms, for the reception of pipes, wires, &c.

When the transverse flat sections 3 are set in place and fastened to the beams or girders, a structure l0 of plaster board, eX- panding metal or other suitable mesh wire structure may be stretched at the ceiling level and hung from said flats by means of suitable wire hangers 11. The hollow forms disposed between the flats may be supported directly by the expanded metal or mesh wire 10 or suitable hangers 11a carried by the iats may be arranged to support the same. In either case, there will be no necessity for providing the usual centering supports employed in casting a floor of this character, a condition which makes for considerable economy in the use of my improved construction. As the metal flats carry the entire dead weight of the floor while the concrete is still plastic, no dead load stresses exist in the concrete. This is directly opposite to ordinary reinforced concrete construction where the concrete must take up the dead load stresses.

In my improved construction, concrete will only be stressed when superimposed (live) load comes on the floor, and relieved when load is removed. As the live load sometimes amounts to one-half of the total load on floor, and as the concrete will then only carry one-half the stresses present in the usual construction, a much cheaper con` crete may be used with resulting economy for my improved floor.

In lieu of the forms 5, which may be of any suitable material such as light metal, pasteboard, fiber or the like, as before described, I may employ hollow tile l2 between the flats and so dispose such tile as to have their under side flush with a surface subsequently forming the ceiling and which may serve as the finish thereof, or to provide fiat tiles 12a which are supported by hangers 13 hung from or connected to the metal flats 3; said lat tiles having flanged edges 14 which underlie and serve to support the edges of the hollow tile filling the spaces between the metal flats and supporting the upper filling of concrete.

The tile employed adjacent to the ends of the metal flats where the latter rise up over the top of the beams or girders are preferably provided with apertured side walls l5 in order to provide the spaces or air chambers paralleling the said beams or girders. After the several flats, and the forms, or tile, are put in place, the concrete may be poured over the same, and this will result in the formation or' a slab havingaplurality of concrete joists or beams disposed between the metal beams or girders supported by the columns; such joists or beams being thick at the central portion and tapering toward the edges of the slab along the lines of the metal flats carried by said metal beams or girders, and the whole roof or floor structure being supported by said metal flats. v

I claim:

1. In roof and floor construction, the combination of a pair of beams, a plurality of metallic members secured to said beams in spaced relation and suspended laterally between the same substantially at right angles to the beams and yparalleling each other, said metallic members being relatively wide and thin and disposed with their widest portion in horizontal planes, a body of concrete disposed wholly above said metallic members and the beams, and filling independent of the concrete lying between said metallic members and beneath the concrete; said metallic members and the beams underlying the concrete and forming the sole support for the same.

2. In roof and Hoor construction,the combination of a pair of beams, a plurality of metallic members secured to said beams in spaced relation and suspended transversely between the same substantially at right angles to the beams and paralleling each other, said metallic members being relatively wide and thin and disposed with their widest portion in horizontal planes,

hollow filler members disposed in the spacesv between said metallic members, supporting means for said filler members, and a body of concrete disposed wholly above said beams, filler members and the thin wide metallic members, the metallic members and beams underlying the concrete and forming the sole support for the same.

3. The combination, in roof and floor construction, of a pair of beams, metallic members secured to said beams and lying transversely in catenary curves between the same, said metallic members being of flat metal relatively wide and thin and disposed with their widest portion in horizontal planes,

loo

hollow tile disposed between said Hat metallic members, means for supporting the tile from said metallic members, and a body of concrete overlying said tile and the metallic members and wholly supported by the latter.

4. In roof and floor construction, the combination of beams, thin flat metallic mem bers secured to said beams and lying transversely between the same, said metallic members being disposed with their' widest portion in horizontal planes, hollow filler members disposed between said metallic members and closing the space between the same to form a continuous closed bed or space to receive concrete, means carried by the metallic members for supporting said iller members, and a body of concrete disposed wholly above and overlying said filler members and the thin flat metallic members and supported wholly by the latter.

5. In roof and Hoor construction, the combination of beams, flexible metallic members connected to said beams and lying between the same, said metallic members being relatively wide and thin and disposed with their widest portion in horizontal planes, a series of flat tiles underlying said metallic members and supported therefrom, hollow tile fillers disposed between said metallic members and supported by said fiat tiles, and a body of concrete overlying said hollow tile and the metallic members and supported by the latter.

In testimony whereof, I have Signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB LOE'WEN STEIN.

Witnesses:

SIDNEY LoEwENsTEiN, MURRAY C. BOYER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for live cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

